小分子干扰核糖核酸

结构

siRNA通常是一段长21个核苷酸的双股RNA（dsRNA），其两股分别在RNA的两端超出另一端2个核苷酸，图示如下：

每一股各有一个5"磷酸基末端与一个3"羟基末端。此结构经dicer作用而得，dicer这种酶将较长的双股RNA或小发夹RNA（small hairpin RNA）切成siRNA 。此外，siRNA也可经由多种不同转染（transfection）技术导入细胞内，并对特定基因产生具专一性的基因敲除（knockdown）效果。本质上，任何已知序列的基因都可以、也因此是经过适当剪裁而具有序列互补性的siRNA的作用对象。这使siRNA成为研究基因功能与药物目标的一项重要工具。

参考文献

来源

Hannon G, Rossi J.Unlocking the potential of the human genome with RNA interference. Nature. 2004, 431 (7006): 371–8. PMID 15372045 .

Fire A, Xu S, Montgomery M, Kostas S, Driver S, Mello C. Potent and specific genetic interference by double-stranded RNA in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature. 1998, 391 (6669): 806–11. PMID 9486653 . The original paper by Fire et al. describing RNAi

Elbashir S, Lendeckel W, Tuschl T.RNA interference is mediated by 21- and 22-nucleotide RNAs. Genes Dev. 2001, 15 (2): 188–200. PMID 11157775 .

Zamore P, Tuschl T, Sharp P, Bartel D.RNAi: double-stranded RNA directs the ATP-dependent cleavage of mRNA at 21 to 23 nucleotide intervals. Cell. 2000, 101 (1): 25–33. PMID 10778853 .

Hamilton A, Baulcombe D. A species of small antisense RNA in posttranscriptional gene silencing in plants. Science. 1999, 286 (5441): 950–2. PMID 10542148 . First description of siRNAs.

Zhang Z, Weinschenk T, Guo K, Schluesener H.siRNA binding proteins of microglial cells: PKR is an unanticipated ligand. J Cell Biochem. 2006, 97 (6): 1217–29. PMID 16315288 .

Kim D, Behlke M, Rose S, Chang M, Choi S, Rossi J.Synthetic dsRNA Dicer substrates enhance RNAi potency and efficacy. Nat Biotechnol. 2005, 23 (2): 222–6. PMID 15619617 .

Sledz C, Williams B.RNA interference and double-stranded-RNA-activated pathways. Biochem Soc Trans. 2004, 32 (Pt 6): 952–6. PMID 15506933 .

Pebernard S, Iggo R.Determinants of interferon-stimulated gene induction by RNAi vectors. Differentiation. 2004, 72 (2-3): 103–11. PMID 15066190 .

Sledz C, Holko M, de Veer M, Silverman R, Williams B.Activation of the interferon system by short-interfering RNAs. Nat Cell Biol. 2003, 5 (9): 834–9. PMID 12942087 .

HuSiDa: Human siRNA Database

siRNAdb: a database of siRNA sequences

Nature: RNAi gateway

Alnylam Pharmaceuticals

Anadys Pharmaceuticals

ArmaGen Technologies,Inc

Benitec

BD Biosciences

Bionomics

BioSpring

Celera Genomics

Cenix BioScience

Ceptyr

Finnzymes Oy

Ingenium Pharmaceuticals

Isis Pharmaceuticals

Nucleonics Inc

Pfizer Inc

RNAi Co.Ltd

Sigma-Aldrich

Sirna Therapeutics, Inc.

参见

RNA干扰

微RNA（miRNA）

小发夹RNA（shRNA）

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